![]() However, changed process concepts with a bottom-near inlet and concurrent skimming are able to minimize such turbulences to such an extent that the sludge load and thus the separation efficiency can be increased. This concept is based on the empirical knowledge of normally minor turbulence in the tank. 2/3 to 1/3 of the tank depth and the skimming direction in the counter flow. Beside the clarified water discharge, the feeding method for the sludge/water mix and the skimmer system have an essential influence on the separation efficiency in tanks. ![]() An essential prerequisite for upgrading plants is the question whether the settling volume for activated sludge is sufficient. The basis of upgrading consists in changed process concepts which are able to exploit the unused potential of existing tanks. Expansion is an expensive solution and impossible if the available space is scarce so that a new construction has to be built. With ever tightening legislation, however, the question of expansion or upgrading of existing sewage treatment plants arises. ![]() Dimensioning these vessels according to existing guidelines guarantees safe operation. The process concept for sedimentation tanks has hardly changed over the past 80 years.
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